Begravningsort: 4 different places
Född: cirka 810 i Østre Toten, Oppland, Norge
Död: cirka 862 i Røykensvik, Randsfjorden, Oppland, Norway
Son of Gudrød Halvdansson «the Hunter» Veidekonge och Åsa Haraldsdotter, Daughter of Harald Granraude
Husband of Ragnhild Haraldsdotter och Ragnhild "the Wise" Sigurdsdotter
Father of Harald Halvdansson «the Young» den unge och Harald I Halvdansson «Fairhair» Hårfagre
Brother of Ragnvald of Agder GUDRODSSON
Half brother of Rolf Gudrodsson; Olaf Gudrødsson «Geirstad-Alf» Geirstadalv och Eirick I Gudrødsson, King of Haithabu and Jutland
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svarte
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfdan_the_Black
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svartes_saga
http://lind.no/nor/index.asp?lang=gb&emne=&person=&list=&vis=s_e_halvdan_svarte
http://lind.no/nor/index.asp?lang=gb&emne=asatru&person=Halfdan%20the%20Black
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Please note: He was married with two Ragnhild, - Ragnhild Haraldsdotter and Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter.
Please also note that he had a son named Harald Halvdansson with both of them, - Haraldsdotter's son died 10 years old and Sigurdsdotter's son was later known as Harrald Hårfagre/Finehair, the united Norways first king.
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Småkonge i Vestfold
Kong Halvdan Svarte (820 - 860)
Halvdan Svarte ble født omkring 820. Han døde i 860. Han ble norsk konge omkring 850. Vi har kun Snorres ord for at Halvdan Svarte hørte til Ynglingeætten. Han skal ha vært sønn til Gudrød Veidekonge og Åsa, og dermed en yngre halvbror av Olav Geirstadalv. Geirstad er antagelig Gjekstad i Sandar. Dette er nabogården til Gokstad, der en svær skipshaug ble gravd ut i 1880, og grunnen der haugen lå, har antagelig i sin tid tilhørt Gjekstad. En høvding i 50-60 års alderen lå i skipet, og dateringen kan passe, slik at det kan være fristende å tenke på Olav. Tradisjonen kaller ham Geirstadalv.
Det er merkelig lite i overleveringen som knytter sønnen Harald Hårfagre til Vestfold. Vi må likevel bli stående ved, som det rimeligste - siden det ikke finnes spor av noen annen opprinnelse i overleveringen - at Halvdan Svarte virkelig var et skudd på Ynglingeætten i Vestfold. Men han kan ha tilhørt en nordligere gren. Saga og sagn knytter ham først og fremst til Ringerike og Hadeland, og den sikreste tradisjonen om hans grav er den som sier at han ble hauglagt på Stein på Ringerike. Vi regner altså med at han rådde for et ikke ubetydelig rike på Vest-Opplandene, men at han også har fått Vestfold i sin makt - vel etter at Ragnvald Olavson på en eller annen måte er forsvunnet ut av bildet.
Halvdan Svarte skal ha vært gift med Ragnhild, datter av en kong Harald Gullskjegg i Sogn. Han omkom på vårparten 860 under en tur på isen på Randsfjorden.
Snorre Sturlason: Halvdan Svartes Saga:"1. Halvdan var årsgammel da faren falt, Åsa, mor hans, reiste straks vest til Agder med ham, slo seg ned der og tok det rike som hennes far hadde hatt. Der vokste Halvdan opp, han ble snart stor og sterk, han var svart i håret, og ble kalt Halvdan Svarte. Da han var 18 år gammel, fikk han kongedømme på Agder, like etter reiste han til Vestfold og delte riket der med broren, Olav. Samme høst dro han med en hær til Vingulmark mot kong Gandalv, de hadde mang en strid og det var seier på begge sider, men til slutt ble de forlikt; Halvdan skulle ha halve Vingulmark, slik som Gudrød, far hans hadde hatt før."
"9. Halvdan Svarte kjørte fra veitsle på Hadeland, og veien hans falt slik at han kjørte over Randsfjord; det var om våren; det var varmt av solen og det tinte godt. Og så kjørte de over Røykensviken, der hadde de brukt å vanne buskapen om vinteren, og der det var kommet møkk på isen, hadde det gravd seg hull av solvarmen. Da nå kongen kjørte over der, så røk isen, og der druknet kong Halvdan og en mengde mennesker, da var han 40 år gammel. Han hadde vært så årsæl en konge. Folk sørget så over ham, at da det ble kjent at han var død, og at liket var ført til Ringerike og skulle gravlegges der, så kom det stormenn fra Romerike og Vestfold og Hedmark, og alle krevde de å få liket med seg og hauglegge det i sitt fylke; alle trodde at de skulle få godt år om de fikk det. De ble forlikt på den måten at de delte liket i fire deler; hodet ble lagt i haug på Stein på Ringerike, og hver av de andre tok sin del med seg hjem og haugla den der, og alle disse haugene heter Halvdanshauger."Sammen med Dronning Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter fikk han sønnen:
1. Kong Harald I Halvdanson Hårfagre (Lufa) av Norge. Født omkring 860. Død omkring 932. 1)
1). Snorre Sturlason: Halvdan Svartes saga. Cappelen's Norges Historie, Bind 2. C.M. Munthe: Norske slegtsmerker, NST Bind I (1928), side 339. Mogens Bugge: Våre forfedre, nr. 458. Bent og Vidar Billing Hansen: Rosensverdslektens forfedre, side 54.
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Halvdan Svarte, ca. 810 - ca. 860. Det er sprikende data om hans fødsel- og dødsår, men han var konge fra ca. 829. Tilnavnet «Svarte» fikk han på grunn av sitt svarte hår.
Tradisjonen om Halvdan Svarte er historisk usikker, men han nevnes i mange historiske verk; Ågrip (Trondheim, ca. 1190), Halvdan Svartes saga i Heimskringla (Snorre, ca. 1220) og Fagrskinna (Island, ca. 1225).
Halvdan Svarte tilhørte i følge Snorre Ynglingeætten, født i Kolbu på Toten, den gang en del av gamle Hadafylke, og hersket over store deler av Østlandet. Han arvet det nordlige Vestfold og la under seg Opplandene og Viken.
Ragnhilds far, Sigurd Hjort, var den gang eier av Stein gård i Hole på Ringerike. Berserken Håke drepte først Sigurd Hjort og røvet deretter Ragnhild. Halvdan Svarte reddet Ragnhild og giftet seg med henne. Han skal ha bosatt seg på Stein gård. Han utgjør en av de 4 kongene i kommunevåpenet til Hole kommune.
(Kilde: Wikipedia.no)
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RESIDENCE: (Ble konge i Agder som 18-åring)
OCCUPATION: Småkonge Vestfold ca.835-
BIRTH: 0820
DEATH: 0860, Røykensvik i Randsfjorden (druknet)
http://www.nermo.org/slekt/d0045/g0000024.html#I1869
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Kom fra Ynglingeætta. Han var et år da faren døde. Han var småkonge. Han druknet i Røykenvika i Randsfjorden etter å ha gått gjennom isen sammen med en mengde mennesker. Halvdan hadde en halvbror, Ragnvald. Moren til Ragnvald var Alvhild Alvarinsdtr.
Alle opplysninger her i fra og bakover i tid er hentet fra Snorre Sturluson; Norges kongesagaer,
1. HALFDAN FIGHTS WITH GANDALF AND SIGTRYG.
Halfdan was a year old when his father was killed, and his mother Asa set off immediately with him westwards to Agder, and set herself there in the kingdom which her father Harald had possessed. Halfdan grew up there, and soon became stout and strong; and, by reason of his black hair, was called Halfdan the Black. When he was eighteen years old he took his kingdom in Agder, and went immediately to Vestfold, where he divided that
kingdom, as before related, with his brother Olaf. The same autumn he went with an army to Vingulmark against King Gandalf. They had many battles, and sometimes one, sometimes the other gained the victory; but at last they agreed that Halfdan should
have half of Vingulmark, as his father Gudrod had had it before. Then King Halfdan proceeded to Raumarike, and subdued it. King Sigtryg, son of King Eystein, who then had his residence in Hedemark, and who had subdued Raumarike before, having heard of
this, came out with his army against King Halfdan, and there was great battle, in which King Halfdan was victorious; and just as King Sigtryg and his troops were turning about to fly, an arrow struck him under the left arm, and he fell dead. Halfdan then laid the whole of Raumarike under his power. King Eystein's second son, King Sigtryg's brother, was also called Eystein, and was then king in Hedemark. As soon as Halfdan had returned to
Vestfold, King Eystein went out with his army to Raumarike, and laid the whole country in subjection to him.
2. BATTLE BETWEEN HALFDAN AND EYSTEIN.
When King Halfdan heard of these disturbances in Raumarike, he again gathered his army together; and went out against King Eystein. A battle took place between them, and Halfdan gained the victory, and Eystein fled up to Hedemark, pursued by Halfdan. Another battle took place, in which Halfdan was again victorious; and Eystein fled northwards, up into the Dales to the herse Gudbrand. There he was strengthened with new people, and in
winter he went towards Hedemark, and met Halfdan the Black upon a large island which lies in the Mjosen lake. There a great battle was fought, and many people on both sides were slain, but Halfdan won the victory. There fell Guthorm, the son of the herse Gudbrand, who was one of the finest men in the Uplands. Then Eystein fled north up the valley, and sent his relation Halvard Skalk to King Halfdan to beg for peace. On consideration of their relationship, King Halfdan gave King Eystein half of Hedemark,
which he and his relations had held before; but kept to himself Thoten, and the district called Land. He likewise appropriated to himself Hadeland, and thus became a mighty king.
3. HALFDAN'S MARRIAGE
Halfdan the Black got a wife called Ragnhild, a daughter of Harald Gulskeg (Goldbeard), who was a king in Sogn. They had a son, to whom Harald gave his own name; and the boy was brought up in Sogn, by his mother's father, King Harald. Now when this Harald had lived out his days nearly, and was become weak, having no son, he gave his dominions to his daughter's son Harald, and gave him his title of king; and he died soon after. The same winter his daughter Ragnhild died; and the following spring the young Harald fell sick and died at ten years of age. As soon as Halfdan the Black heard of his son's death, he took the road northwards to Sogn with a great force, and was well received. He claimed the heritage and dominion after his son; and no opposition being made, he took the whole kingdom. Earl Atle Mjove (the Slender), who was a friend of King Halfdan, came to him from Gaular; and the king set him over the Sogn district, to judge in the country according to the country's laws, and collect scat upon the king's account. Thereafter King Halfdan proceeded to his kingdom in the Uplands.
4. HALFDAN'S STRIFE WITH GANDALF'S SONS.
In autumn, King Halfdan proceeded to Vingulmark. One night when he was there in guest quarters, it happened that about midnight a man came to him who had been on the watch on horseback, and told him a war force was come near to the house. The king instantly
got up, ordered his men to arm themselves, and went out of the house and drew them up in battle order. At the same moment, Gandalf's sons, Hysing and Helsing, made their appearance with a large army. There was a great battle; but Halfdan being overpowered by the numbers of people fled to the forest, leaving many of his men on this spot. His foster-father, Olver Spake (the Wise), fell here. The people now came in swarms to King
Halfdan, and he advanced to seek Gandalf's sons. They met at Eid, near Lake Oieren, and fought there. Hysing and Helsing fell, and their brother Hake saved himself by flight. King Halfdan then took possession of the whole of Vingulmark, and Hake fled to Alfheimar.
5. HALFDAN'S MARRIAGE WITH HJORT'S DAUGHTER.
Sigurd Hjort was the name of a king in Ringerike, who was stouter and stronger than any other man, and his equal could not be seen for a handsome appearance. His father was Helge Hvasse (the Sharp); and his mother was Aslaug, a daughter of Sigurd the worm-
eyed, who again was a son of Ragnar Lodbrok. It is told of Sigurd that when he was only twelve years old he killed in single combat the berserk Hildebrand, and eleven others of his comrades; and many are the deeds of manhood told of him in a long saga about his feats. Sigurd had two children, one of whom was a daughter, called Ragnhild, then twenty years of age, and an excellent brisk girl. Her brother Guthorm was a youth. It is related in regard to Sigurd's death that he had a custom of riding out quite alone in the uninhabited forest to hunt the wild beasts that are hurtful to man, and he was always very eager at
this sport. One day he rode out into the forest as usual, and when he had ridden a long way he came out at a piece of cleared land near to Hadeland. There the berserk Hake came against him with thirty men, and they fought. Sigurd Hjort fell there, after killing twelve of Hake's men; and Hake himself lost one hand, and had three other wounds. Then Hake and his men rode to Sigurd's house, where they took his daughter Ragnhild and her brother Guthorm, and carried them, with much property and valuable articles, home to Hadeland, where Hake had many great farms. He ordered a feast to be prepared, intending to hold his wedding with Ragnhild; but the time passed on account of his wounds, which healed slowly; and the berserk Hake of Hadeland had to keep his bed, on account of his wounds, all the autumn and beginning of winter. Now King Halfdan was in Hedemark at the Yule entertainments when he heard this news; and one morning early,
when the king was dressed, he called to him Harek Gand, and told him to go over to Hadeland, and bring him Ragnhild, Sigurd Hjort's daughter. Harek got ready with a hundred men, and made his journey so that they came over the lake to Hake's house in
the grey of the morning, and beset all the doors and stairs of the places where the house-servants slept. Then they broke into the sleeping-room where Hake slept, took Ragnhild, with her brother Guthorm, and all the goods that were there, and set fire to the house-servants' place, and burnt all the people in it. Then they covered over a magnificent waggon, placed Ragnhild and Guthorm in it, and drove down upon the ice. Hake got up and went after them a while; but when he came to the ice on the lake, he turned his sword-hilt to the ground and let himself fall upon the point, so that the sword went through him. He was buried under a mound on the banks of the lake. When King Halfdan, who was very quick of sight, saw the party returning over the frozen lake, and with a covered waggon, he knew that their errand was accomplished according to his desire. Thereupon he ordered the tables to be set out, and sent people all round in the neighbourhood to invite plenty of guests; and the same day there was a good feast which was also Halfdan's marriage-feast with Ragnhild, who became a great queen. Ragnhild's mother was Thorny, a daughter of Klakharald king in Jutland, and a sister of Thrye Dannebod who
was married to the Danish king, Gorm the Old, who then ruled over the Danish dominions.
6. OF RAGNHILD'S DREAM.
Ragnhild, who was wise and intelligent, dreamt great dreams. She dreamt, for one, that she was standing out in her herb-garden, and she took a thorn out of her shift; but while she was holding the thorn in her hand it grew so that it became a great tree, one end of which struck itself down into the earth, and it became firmly rooted; and the other end of the tree raised itself so high in the air that she could scarcely see over it, and it became also wonderfully thick. The under part of the tree was red with blood, but the stem upwards was beautifully green and the branches white as snow. There were many and great limbs to the tree, some high up, others low down; and so vast were the tree's branches that they seemed to her to cover all Norway, and even much more.
7. OF HALFDAN'S DREAM.
King Halfdan never had dreams, which appeared to him an extraordinary circumstance; and he told it to a man called Thorleif Spake (the Wise), and asked him what his advice was about it. Thorleif said that what he himself did, when he wanted to have any revelation by dream, was to take his sleep in a swine-sty, and then it never failed that he had dreams. The king did so, and the following dream was revealed to him. He thought he had the most beautiful hair, which was all in ringlets; some so long as to fall upon the ground, some reaching to the middle of his legs, some to his knees, some to his loins or the middle of his sides, some to his neck, and some were only as knots springing from his head. These ringlets were of various colours; but one ringlet surpassed all the others in beauty, lustre, and size. This dream he told to Thorleif, who interpreted it thus: -- There should be a great posterity from him, and his descendants should rule over countries with great, but not all with equally great, honour; but one of his race should be more celebrated than all the others. It was the opinion of people that this ringlet betokened King Olaf the Saint.
King Halfdan was a wise man, a man of truth and uprightness -- who made laws, observed them himself, and obliged others to observe them. And that violence should not come in place of the laws, he himself fixed the number of criminal acts in law, and the compensations, mulcts, or penalties, for each case, according to every one's birth and dignity (1).
Queen Ragnhild gave birth to a son, and water was poured over him, and the name of Harald given him, and he soon grew stout and remarkably handsome. As he grew up he became very expert at all feats, and showed also a good understanding. He was much beloved by his mother, but less so by his father.
ENDNOTES:
(1) The penalty, compensation, or manbod for every injury, due the party injured, or to his family and next of kin if the injury was the death or premeditated murder of the party,
appears to have been fixed for every rank and condition, from the murder of the king down to the maiming or beating a man's cattle or his slave. A man for whom no compensation
was due was a dishonored person, or an outlaw. It appears to have been optional with the injured party, or his kin if he had been killed, to take the mulct or compensation, or to
refuse it, and wait for an opportunity of taking vengeance for the injury on the party who inflicted it, or on his kin. A part of each mulct or compensation was due to the king;
and, these fines or penalties appear to have constituted a great proportion of the king's revenues, and to have been settled in the Things held in every district for administering the law with the lagman. -- L.
8. HALFDAN'S MEAT VANISHES AT A FEAST
King Halfdan was at a Yule-feast in Hadeland, where a wonderful thing happened one Yule evening. When the great number of guests assembled were going to sit down to table, all the meat and all the ale disappeared from the table. The king sat alone very
confused in mind; all the others set off, each to his home, in consternation. That the king might come to some certainty about what had occasioned this event, he ordered a Fin to be seized who was particularly knowing, and tried to force him to disclose the truth; but however much he tortured the man, he got nothing out of him. The Fin sought help particularly from Harald, the king's son, and Harald begged for mercy for him, but in vain. Then Harald let him escape against the king's will, and accompanied the man himself. On their journey they came to a place where the man's chief had a great feast, and it appears they were well received there. When they had been there until spring, the chief said, "Thy father took it much amiss that in winter I took some provisions from him, -- now I will repay it to thee by a joyful piece of news: thy father is dead; and now thou shalt return
home, and take possession of the whole kingdom which he had, and with it thou shalt lay the whole kingdom of Norway under thee."
9. HALFDAN S DEATH.
Halfdan the Black was driving from a feast in Hadeland, and it so happened that his road lay over the lake called Rand. It was in spring, and there was a great thaw. They drove across the bight called Rykinsvik, where in winter there had been a pond broken in the ice for cattle to drink at, and where the dung had fallen upon the ice the thaw had eaten it into holes. Now as the king drove over it the ice broke, and King Halfdan and many with him perished. He was then forty years old. He had been one of the most fortunate kings in respect of good seasons. The people thought so much of him, that when his death was known and his body was floated to Ringerike to bury it there, the people of most consequence from Raumarike, Vestfold, and Hedemark came to meet it. All desired to take the body with them to bury it in their own district, and they thought that those who got it would have good crops to expect. At last it was agreed to divide the body into four parts. The head was laid in a mound at Stein in Ringerike, and each of the others took his part home and laid it in a mound; and these have since been called Halfdan's Mounds.
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Halvdan Svarte Gudrödsson, kung i Vestfold, Norge, på 800-talet, drunknade i Randsfjorden, son till Gudröd och far till Harald Hårfager, gift med Ragnhild, (dotter till Sigurd Hjort). Enligt Halvdan Svartes saga i Heimskringla härstammade han från ynglingaätten. Namnet Halvdan är fornnordiskt och betyder troligen 'halvdansk'. Flera norska kungar har haft det namnet.
De enda primärkällorna om Halvdan Svartes existens är ifrågasatta. Han anses ofta vara en sagokung.
Enligt sagan så ska Halvdan svarte ha enat fler norska fylken än någon annan norsk småkung och därmed tagit första steget mot ett enat Norge, ett verk som hans son Harald Hårfagre skulle fullborda.
Halvdan svartes historia
Kapitel 1
Halvdan kämpar med Gandalv och Sigtrygg.
Halvdan var ett år gammal, då hans fader föll1. Hans moder Åsa for genast med honom västerut till Agder och tog det rike i besittning, som hennes fader hade ägt. Där växte Halvdan upp och blev tidigt stor och stark och svarthårig; han fick namnet Halvdan svarte. Då han var aderton år gammal, tog han emot konungadömet på Agder; han for genast till Vestfold och delade riket med sin broder Olav. Samma höst drog han med en här till Vingulmark emot konung Gandalv. De utkämpade många strider med varandra och hade ömsevis seger, men till slut förliktes de på det villkor, att Halvdan skulle hava halva Vingulmark, såsom hans fader Gudröd förut hade haft.
Därefter drog Halvdan upp till Raumarike och lade detta land under sig. Detta sporde konung Sigtrygg, son till konung Östen; han hade sitt säte på Hedemarken och hade förut lagt Raumarike under sig. Sigtrygg drog då med en här emot konung Halvdan; där blev en hård strid, och Halvdan vann seger Då flykten började, blev konung Sigtrygg träffad av en pil under vänstra armen och föll där. Sedan underlade sig Halvdan hela Raumarike.
Östen hette en annan son till konung Östen, broder till konungs Sigtrygg; han blev nu konung på Hedemarken. Men då Halvdan hade farit tillbaka till Vestfold, drog konung Östen med sin här till Raumarike och lade landet under sig vida omkring.
Kapitel 2
Strid mellan Halvdan och Östen.
Då Halvdan fick veta, att det rådde ofred i Raumarike, samlade han en här och drog emot konung Östen. Det kom till en strid emellan dem; Halvdan segrade, och Östen flydde upp till Hedemarken. Konung Halvdan följde efter honom med sin här upp till Hedemarken, och de hade där ännu en strid. Halvdan vann åter seger, och Östen flydde norrut till hersen Gudbrand i Dalarna1. Han skaffade sig folk därifrån och drog sedan om vintern ned till Hedemarken. Han mötte Halvdan svarte på en stor ö i Mjösen2. Där stod en ny strid emellan dem; mycket folk föll på bägge sidor, men Halvdan segrade. Där föll hersen Gudbrands son Guthorm, som ansågs för den mest lovande mannen i Upplanden. Östen flydde ännu en gång norrut till Dalarna. Därefter sände han sin frände Hallvard »skalk»3 till konung Halvdan för att söka förlikning, och för släktskapens skull4 avstod Halvdan åt konung Östen halva Hedemarken. Halvdan underlade sig Toten och det område som heter Land; sedan bemäktigade han sig också Hadeland. Han var nu en mäktig konung.
Dalarna, dvs. Gudbrandsdalarna, fordom namn på ett fylke, omfattande den nuvarande Gudbrandsdalen jämte Faaberg och Gausdal.
Den stora ön i Mjösen är Helgöen.
Ordet »skalk», ett ord som i de nordiska språken är lånat från tyska dialekter, har här sin ursprungliga betydelse »tjänare».
Enligt kapitel 44 i Ynglingarnas historia var Halvdans stamfader Halvdan vitben gift med en dotter till en konung Östen på Hedemarken, från vilken den här omtalade konung Östen härstammade.
Kapitel 3
Konung Halvdans giftermål.
Halvdan svarte fick en hustru vid namn Ragnhild, dotter till Harald gullskägg, som var konung i Sogn. De fingo en son, som konung Harald gav sitt namn, och denne gosse uppfostrades i Sogn hos sin morfader konung Harald. Då Harald hade blivit gammal och skröplig, gav han, emedan han var sonlös, riket åt sin dotterson Harald och lät taga honom till konung. Kort därefter dog Harald. Samma vinter dog hans dotter Ragnhild. Våren därpå dog den unge konung Harald i Sogn sotdöden; han var då tio år gammal. Så snart Halvdan svarte sporde sonens död, begav han sig åstad med ett stort följe och for norrut till Sogn. Han blev där väl emottagen. Han krävde riket i arv efter sin son. Ingen gjorde motstånd däremot, och han underlade sig nu detta rike. Sedan kom till honom jarlen Atle den smale från Gaular; han var en vän till konung Halvdan. Konungen satte honom över Sognafylke att där döma enligt landslag och uppbära skatterna. Konung Halvdan for själv därifrån till Upplanden.
Kapitel 4
Strid mellan Halvdan och Gandalvssönerna.
Konung Halvdan for om hösten ut till Vingulmark. Det hände en natt, då Halvdan var på gästning, att den man som hade hållit vakt över hästarna, kom till honom vid midnatt och omtalade, att en fientlig här hade. kommit nära gården. Konungen steg genast upp, befallde männen att väpna sig och gick därefter skyndsamt ut och ställde upp sitt folk. Snart kommo Gandalvs söner, Hysing och Helsing, dit med en stor här. Det blev en hård strid, och då konung Halvdan hade övermakten emot sig, flydde han till skogen efter att ha förlorat mycket folk. Där föll konung Halvdans fosterfader, Olve den vise. Senare samlades folk kring Halvdan, och han for då och sökte upp Gandalvssönerna, De träffades på Eid vid Öjeren1 och kämpade där. Där föllo Hysing och Helsing, men deras broder Hake räddade sig genom flykten. Därefter underlade konung Halvdan sig hela Vingulmark. Hake flydde till Alvheimar.
Det här omtalade Eid är det nuvarande Askim och en del av Trögstad söder om Öjeren i norra Smålenene.
Kapitel 5
Konung Halvdan äktar Ragnhild.
Sigurd hjort hette en konung i Ringerike. Han var större och starkare än andra män; han var också den vackraste bland män. Hans fader var Helge den vasse och hans moder Åslaug, dotter till Sigurd orm-i-öga, Ragnar lodbroks son1. Det berättas, att då Sigurd hjort var tolv år gammal, dräpte han i envige bärsärken Hildebrand och elva män med honom. Han utförde många storverk, och det finnes en lång saga om honom2. Han hade två barn. Dottern hette Ragnhild; hon var en mycket duktig kvinna. Hon var nu i tjugoårsåldern; hennes broder Guthorm var ännu icke vuxen.
Det förtäljes om Sigurds död, att han red ensam ut i ödemarkerna, såsom hans vana var. Han jagade där stora och farliga djur; däråt hängav han sig ofta med iver. Men då han hade ridit lång väg, kom han fram till en rödjning i närheten av Hadeland, och där mötte honom bärsärken Hake med trettio män. De kämpade där med varandra; Sigurd hjort föll och tolv av Hakes män, och själv miste denne armen och fick tre andra sår. Därefter red Hake till Sigurds gård och tog där hans dotter Ragnhild och hennes broder Guthorm och förde dem jämte mycket gods och många klenoder med sig hem till Hadeland, där han ägde stora gårdar. Han lät tillreda ett gästabud och ämnade fira bröllop med Ragnhild, men det drog ut på tiden därmed, emedan hans sår artade sig illa. Hake Hada-bärsärk3 låg sjuk av sina sår under hösten och början av vintern.
Om julen var konung Halvdan på Hedemarken; han hade sport alla dessa händelser. Tidigt en morgon, när konungen var klädd, kallade han till sig Hårek »trollspö» och befallde honom att fara över till Hadeland och hämta honom Sigurd hjorts dotter Ragnhild. Hårek gjorde sig redo att fara och hade med sig hundra man. Han ställde färden så, att de i ottan kommo över sjön och fram till Hakes gård. De satte vakt vid alla ingångar till skålen4, där männen sovo. Därefter gingo de till den sovkammare5, där Hake låg, bröto sig in och bortförde Ragnhild och hennes broder Guthorm jämte allt det gods som fanns där. Skålen satte de eld på och innebrände alla som voro därinne. De tältade en praktfull vagn och satte däri Ragnhild och Guthorm och foro sedan ut på isen. Hake steg upp och följde efter dem en stund, men då han kom ned till den isbelagda sjön, vände han fästet på sitt svärd mot marken och kastade sig på spetsen, så att svärdet trängde tvärs igenom honom; han fick sin bane där och är högsatt på sjöstranden.
Konung Halvdan, som var mycket skarpsynt, såg då de foro över isen; han såg en tältad vagn och trodde sig därav förstå, att deras uppdrag hade blivit uträttat, såsom han önskade. Han lät då sätta fram sitt bord och sände bud vida omkring i bygderna och bjöd till sig många män. Där hölls den dagen ett präktigt gästabud, och vid det gästabudet tog Halvdan Ragnhild till hustru, och hon var sedan en mäktig drottning. Ragnhilds moder var Thyrni, dotter till konung Klack-Harald i Jutland och syster till Thyra Danabot, som var gift med den dåvarande härskaren över Danavälde Gorm den gamle6.
De bekanta sagohjältarna, Ragnar lodbrok och hans söner äro ursprungligen historiska personligheter. Ragnar var en dansk jarl, som vid midten av 800-talet företog ett berömt härnadståg till Frankrike; hans söner härjade dels i Frankrike, dels i England, av vilket sistnämnda land stora delar erövrades. Deras historia har emellertid senare blivit till oigenkänlighet förvanskad genom en rik sagobildning kring deras namn såväl i Danmark som i Norge och på Island. Redan hos den danske historieskrivaren Saxo grammaticus har den frejdade Ragnar bl. a. gjorts till stamfader för den svenska och den danska konungaätten; den isländska traditionen låter sonen Sigurd orm-i-ögas dotter eller (som hos Snorre) dotterdotter äkta Halvdan svarte och därigenom bliva stammoder för de följande norska konungarna.
Denna saga har icke bevarats till vår tid. Att en sådan saga funnits under Snorres dagar, bestyrkes emellertid genom citat ur densamma även i en annan medeltida skrift.
Dvs. Hadarnas (invånarnas i Hadeland) bärsärk. Hake kallas i en annan källa för konung på Hadeland.
Skåle är namnet på det förnämsta huset i en fornnordisk gård. Den var försedd med väggfasta sängplatser längs väggarna och användes bl. a. som sovrum.
Denna sovkammare var belägen i ett särskilt, från gården fristående litet hus.
Gorm den gamle, konung i Danmark, död o. 936 efter en enligt sägen ovanligt lång regering.
Kapitel 6
Om Ragnhilds drömmar.
Drottning Ragnhild drömde stora drömmar; hon var en mycket klok kvinna. En av hennes drömmar var denna. Hon tyckte, att hon stod i sin trädgård och tog en törntagg ur sin underklädnad. Medan hon höll den i sin hand, växte den så, att den blev till ett stort träd; den ena änden nådde ned till jorden och slog strax rot där, den andra sträckte sig högt upp i luften. Snart syntes henne trädet så stort, att hon knappt kunde se över det; det var också övermåttan tjockt. Den nedersta delen av trädet var röd som blod, men längre upp var stammen fagert grön, och uppe i grenarna var trädet snövitt. Det fanns många stora kvistar på trädet, somliga längre upp, andra längre ned. Dess grenar voro så stora, att de tycktes henne utbreda sig över hela Norge och ännu vidare omkring.
Drottning Ragnhilds dröm.
Kapitel 7
Halvdans dröm.
Konung Halvdan drömde aldrig.. Detta tycktes honom underligt, och han talade om det för en man vid namn Thorleiv den vise och sökte råd av honom, vad han skulle kunna göra därvid. Thorleiv omtalade då, vad han gjorde, när han önskade att få veta något om kommande händelser: han lade sig att sova i en svinstia, och då slog det aldrig fel, att han drömde. Konungen gjorde så, och då hade han denna dröm: han tyckte, att han hade ett övermåttan rikt hår, och allt håret föll i lockar, några ända ned till jorden, några till midt på benet, några till knäet, några till länderna, några till midjan, några till halsen, några slutligen stucko, nätt och jämt fram ur huvudskålen som korta horn; lockarna hade olika färg, men en lock övergick alla andra i skönhet och glans och storlek. Han omtalade denna dröm för Thorleiv, och denne tydde drömmen så, att Halvdan skulle bliva stamfader för en stor släkt, och denna skulle härska över landet med stor heder, dock icke alla med lika stor; och en skulle komma av hans ätt, som skulle vara större och härligare än alla andra. Man tror med visshet, att denna lock betecknade konung Olav den helige.
Konung Halvdan var en klok, pålitlig och rättrådig man; han stiftade lag och höll den själv och tvang andra att hålla den, så att den icke skulle omintetgöras genom självrådighet. Han fastställde också själv fördelningen av dråpsböterna1 och skiftade dem åt var och en efter hans börd och värdighet.
Drottning Ragnhild födde en son; han blev vattenöst2 och fick namnet Harald. Han blev tidigt stor och mycket vacker. Han växte upp där3 och blev snart mycket skicklig i alla färdigheter och mycket förståndig. Hans moder älskade honom mycket, hans fader däremot mindre.
Det synes här vara fråga om de böter, som enligt fornnordisk lag dråparens släktingar hade att utbetala till den dräptes.
Begjutning med vatten vid namngivningen förekom redan i heden tid. Sannolikt beror denna ceremoni på ett tidigt inflytande från de kristna folk, med vilka de hedniska nordborna stodo i förbindelse.
Dvs. vid Halvdans hov.
Kapitel 8
Maten stjäles bort.
Konung Halvdan uppehöll sig en jul på Hadeland. Där hände på julaftonen något underligt. Då männen hade satt sig till bords — det var många människor där — försvann all maten och allt ölet från borden. Konung Halvdan satt kvar illa till mods, men de andra begåvo sig hem var och en till sitt. For att få veta, vad som vållade denna händelse, lät konungen gripa en finne, som var mångkunnig1, och ville tvinga honom att säga sanningen; han lät pina honom, men fick ändå icke något ur honom. Finnen vände sig till hans son Harald med bön om hjälp. Denne bad om förskoning för honom, men fick icke sin bön beviljad. Harald hjälpte honom då mot konungens vilja på flykten och följde själv med honom. De kommo till ett ställe, där en hövding höll ett stort gästabud, och där blevo de, såsom de tyckte, väl mottagna. Då de hade varit där till ut på våren, sade hövdingen en dag till Harald: »Din fader tyckte, att det var en mycket stor förlust, att jag tog litet mat från honom i vintras; men jag skall ersätta dig det med en glädjande underrättelse. Din fader är död, och du skall fara hem. Du får hela det rike som han har ägt, och därtill skall du lägga under dig hela Norge».
Mångkunnig betyder här »trollkunnig», »som sitter inne med hemligt vetande».
Kapitel 9
Halvdan svartes död.
Halvdan svarte for från gästningen på Hadeland, och hans väg låg så, att han åkte över Rondvattnet. Det var på våren, och det var stark solvärme. De åkte över Rykinsvik. Där hade om vintern varit brunnar för kreaturen, och då spillningen hade fallit på isen, hade denna smält där rundt omkring i solvärmen. Då konungen åkte över, brast isen, och konung Halvdan drunknade där och mycket folk med honom. Han var då fyrtio år gammal. Han hade varit den årsällaste av alla konungar. Så mycket älskade folket honom, att då det spordes att han var död och hans lik fördes till Ringerike för att begravas där, foro stormännen från Raumarike och Vestfold och Hedemarken dit och bado alla att få taga liket med sig och högsätta det i sitt fylke; man väntade sig god äring hos dem som finge det. Men de enades slutligen om att dela liket i fyra delar; huvudet blev höglagt vid Stein i Ringerike, men var och en av de andra förde hem sin del och högsatte den. Alla dessa högar kallas Halvdanshögar.
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http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svarte
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Vi har kun Snorres ord for at Halvdan Svarte hørte til Ynglingeætten. Han skal ha vært sønn til Gudrød Veidekonge og Åsa, og dermed en yngre halvbror av Olav Geirstadalv. Geirstad er antagelig Gjekstad i Sandar. Dette er nabogården til Gokstad, der en svær skipshaug ble gravd ut i 1880, og grunnen der haugen lå, har antagelig i sin tid tilhørt Gjekstad. En høvding i 50-60 års alderen lå i skipet, og dateringen kan passe, slik at det kan være fristende å tenke på Olav. Tradisjonen kaller ham Geirstadalv.
Det er merkelig lite i overleveringen som knytter Harald Hårfagre til Vestfold. Vi må likevel bli stående ved, som det rimeligste - siden det ikke finnes spor av noen annen opprinnelse i overleveringen - at Halvdan Svarte virkelig var et skudd på Ynglingeætten i Vestfold. Men han kan ha tilhørt en nordligere gren. Saga og sagn knytter ham først og fremst til Ringerike og Hadeland, og den sikreste tradisjonen om hans grav er den som sier at han ble hauglagt på Stein på Ringerike. Vi regner altså med at han rådde for et ikke ubetydelig rike på Vest-Opplandene, men at han også har fått Vestfold i sin makt - vel etter at Ragnvald Olavsson på en eller annen måte er forsvunnet ut av bildet.
Halvdan Svarte skal ha vært gift med Ragnhild, datter av en kong Harald Gullskjegg i Sogn. Han omkom på vårparten 860 under en tur på isen på Randsfjorden.
From Snorre Sturlasson: Halvdan Svarte [Halfdan the Black] Saga:
"1. HALFDAN FIGHTS WITH GANDALF AND SIGTRYG.
Halfdan was a year old when his father was killed, and his mother Asa set off immediately with him westwards to Agder, and set herself there in the kingdom which her father Harald had possessed. Halfdan grew up there, and soon became stout and strong; and, by reason of his black hair, was called Halfdan the Black. When he was eighteen years old he took his kingdom in Agder, and went immediately to Vestfold, where he divided that kingdom, as before related, with his brother Olaf. The same autumn he went with an army to Vingulmark against King Gandalf. They had many battles, and sometimes one, sometimes the other gained the victory; but at last they agreed that Halfdan should have half of Vingulmark, as his father Gudrod had had it before. ..."
"9. HALFDAN S DEATH.
Halfdan the Black was driving from a feast in Hadeland, and it so happened that his road lay over the lake called Rand. It was in spring, and there was a great thaw. They drove across the bight called Rykinsvik, where in winter there had been a pond broken in the ice for cattle to drink at, and where the dung had fallen upon the ice the thaw had eaten it into holes. Now as the king drove over it the ice broke, and King Halfdan and many with him perished. He was then forty years old. He had been one of the most fortunate kings in respect of good seasons. The people thought so much of him, that when his death was known and his body was floated to Ringerike to bury it there, the people of most consequence from Raumarike, Vestfold, and Hedemark came to meet it. All desired to take the body with them to bury it in their own district, and they thought that those who got it would have good crops to expect. At last it was agreed to divide the body into four parts. The head was laid in a mound at Stein in Ringerike, and each of the others took his part home and laid it in a mound; and these have since been called Halfdan's Mounds."
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Halfdan the Black Gudrødsson (820-860) was the father of the first King of Norway Harald I and of the House of Yngling.
His father was King Gudröd the Hunter.
The saga of Halfdan the Black tells the following story:
Halfdan's mother was named Asa. She was the daughter of King Harald of Agder. When Halfdan's father was killed, Asa took the year-old Halfdan and returned to Agder, where Halfdan grew up.
In 838, when he was eighteen years old, Halfdan became king of Agder. He quickly began adding to his kingdom through political negotiation and military conquest. He divided the kingdom of Vestfold with his brother Olaf and, through military action, persuaded King Gandalf of Vingulmark to cede half his kingdom.
Next, Halfdan subdued an area called Raumarike. To secure his claim to Raumarike, Halfdan first defeated and killed Sigtryg, the previous ruler, in battle, then defeated Sigtryg's brother and successor Eystein in a series of battles. This established Halfdan's claim not only to Raumarike, but also to half of Hedemark, Sigtryg and Eystein's core kingdom.
Halfdan first wife was Ragnhild, daughter of King Harald Gulskeg (Goldbeard) of Sogn. Halfdan and Ragnhild had a son named Harald after his grandfather, and they sent him to be raised in his grandfather's court. Harald Gulskeg, being elderly, named his grandson as his successor shortly before his death. Ragnhild died shortly after her father and the young king Harald fell sick and died the next spring. When he heard about his son's death, Halfdan traveled to Sogn and laid claim to the title of king. No resistance was offered and Halfdan added Sogn to his realm.
The sons of Gandalf of Vingulmark, Hysing, Helsing, and Hake, attempted to ambush Halfdan at night but he escaped into the forest. After raising an army, he returned and defeated the brothers, killing Hysing and Helsing. Hake fled from the country and Halfdan became king of all of Vingulmark.
Halfdan's second wife was also named Ragnhild. She was the daughter of Sigurd Hjort, king of Ringerike. She was kidnapped from her home by Hake, a berserker who encountered her father in Hadeland and killed him. In turn, Halfdan had her kidnapped from Hake so that he could marry her. Ragnhild and Halfdan had a son who was also named Harald.
Halfdan died when he fell through the ice of a lake that had been weakened by cattle dung after a hole was cut in the ice for the cattle to drink. Each of the districts of his kingdom wanted to claim his grave. In the end, it was agreed to divide his body into four pieces so each district could bury a piece of it, resulting in Halfdan's Mounds.
Noted events in his life were:
• He was a King circa 850 in Norway.
Halvdan married Ragnhild Haraldsdatter, daughter of Harald Gulskeg of Sogn and Unknown, about 850. (Ragnhild Haraldsdatter was born about 830.)
Halvdan next married Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter, daughter of Sigurd "Hjort" Helgasson and Tyrne av Jutland, about 860. (Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter was born about 830 in Ringerike, Norway.
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HALVDAN SVARTE - levde på 800-tallet - ble gift med Ragnhild, som var Sigurd Hjorts datter. Sigurd Hjort var den gang eier av Stein gård. Berserken Håke drepte først Sigurd Hjort og røvet deretter hans datter. Ragnhild. Halvdan Svarte reddet Ragnhild og giftet seg med henne. Han skal ha bosatt seg på Stein gård.
Halvdan endte sitt liv med å gå gjennom isen på Randsfjorden i 860 med hest og slede og sine menn. Han - eller deler av han - ble antatt hauglagt på Stein gård i Halvdanshaugen. Sagaen sier at kroppen hans ble delt og gravlagt flere steder, Arkeologene ønsker å foreta utgraving av haugen for å få vite mer. Prøvetaking har vist at haugen skjuler spor fra folkevandringstiden flere hundreår før vikingetid.
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Hole har fire kongekroner i sitt kommunevåpen. Bak hver krone skjuler det seg en kongeskikkelse fra tidlig middelalder, alle med tilknytning til Hole kommune i Buskerud.
De fire kongene:
Halvdan Svarte (ca. 810-860)
Sigurd Halvdanson Syr (ca. 960-1018)
Olav Den Hellige (995-1030)
Harald Hardråde (1015-1066)
Kilde: hole.kommune.no/index.php?id=11203
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0820 - 0860
RESIDENCE: (Ble konge i Agder som 18-åring)
OCCUPATION: Småkonge Vestfold ca.835-
BIRTH: 0820
DEATH: 0860, Røykensvik i Randsfjorden (druknet)
Father: Gudrød Halvdansson VEIDEKONGE
Mother: Aasa HARALDSDATTER
Family 1 : Ragnhild HARALDSDATTER
Harald HARALDSSON
Family 2 : Ragnhild SIGURDSDATTER
MARRIAGE: 0849
+Harald (Luva) HÅRFAGRE
Kilde: nermo.org
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Halvdan Svarte tillhörde den norska grenen av Ynglingaätten.
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Halfdan 'the Black', King of Westfold1
M, #150585
Last Edited=13 Jul 2005
Halfdan 'the Black', King of Westfold gained the title of King Halfdan of Westfold. (1)
Child of Halfdan 'the Black', King of Westfold
-1. Harald I, King of Norway+ d. c 932 (1)
Forrás:
http://www.thepeerage.com/p15059.htm#i150585
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Halfdan lämnade vid sin död riket åt sin då 10-årige son Harald Hårfager (860-933)
Källa: home.swipnet.se/~w-87143/norge.htm
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Yrke: Kung i Vestfold 843-867
Begravd: Stein, Ringerike, Norge (se Bild)
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Familj med Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter
Barn: Harald I 'Hårfager' Halvdansson (858 - 934)
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Noteringar
Kallades Halvdan svarte på grund av sitt svarta hår. Halvdan drunknade på isen i Randsfjorden.
Källa: Egen sammanställning
Fotot visar begravningsplatsen Halfdanshaugen i Stein, Ringerike, Norge.
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Halfdan the Black Gudrödarson (c. 810 – c. 860) (Old Norse: Hálfdan svarti, Norwegian: Halvdan Svarte) was the father of first king of Norway, Harald Fairhair, and belonged to the House of Yngling.
No contemporary sources mention Halfdan, and the details of his life that are provided by later kings' sagas are considered semi-legendary by modern historians. Although he has his own saga in Heimskringla, it lacks any skaldic verse, which is normally used by Snorri as supporting evidence and this, combined with its rather legendary character, leads historians to be wary of seeing much veracity in it. The "Black" nickname was given to him because of his black hair.
Halfdan is mentioned in Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla (c. 1230), Fagrskinna (c. 1220), Ágrip (c. 1190) and Historia Norwegiæ (late 12th century). The most elaborate story is found in the latest saga, Heimskringla. According to the Latin Historia Norwegiæ, Halvdan was a king "in montanis" (in the mountains), which is usually equivalent to Oppland in the Old Norse[1]. This conflicts with the version told in Heimskringla.
According to Heimskringla and Fagsrkinna, Halfdan was the son of King Gudrød the Hunter. Heimskringla also names his mother, as Åsa, daughter of King Harald of Agder, and his half-brother as Olaf Geirstad-Alf. Heimskringla relates that when Halfdan's father was killed, Åsa took the 1 year-old Halfdan and returned to Agder, where Halfdan was raised. When he was 18 or 19 years old, Halfdan became king of Agder. He quickly began adding to his kingdom, through political negotiation and military conquest. He divided the kingdom of Vestfold with his brother Olaf and, through military action, persuaded King Gandalf of Vingulmark to cede half his kingdom.
Next, Halfdan subdued an area called Raumarike. To secure his claim to Raumarike, Halfdan first defeated and killed the previous ruler, Sigtryg Eysteinsson, in battle. He then defeated Sigtryg's brother and successor Eystein, in a series of battles. This established Halfdan's claim not only to Raumarike, but also to half of Hedmark, the core of Sigtryg and Eystein's kingdom. These details are only mentioned in Heimskringla.
Fagrskinna and Heimskringla both agree that Halfdan's first wife was Ragnhild, daughter of King Harald Gulskeg (Goldbeard) of Sogn. Halfdan and Ragnhild had a son named "Harald" after his grandfather, and they sent him to be raised at his grandfather's court. Harald Gulskeg, being elderly, named his grandson as his successor, shortly before his death. Ragnhild died shortly after her father, and the young king Harald fell sick and died the next spring. When Halfdan heard about his son's death, he travelled to Sogn and laid claim to the title of king. No resistance was offered, and Halfdan added Sogn to his realm.
The narrative in Heimskringla then adds another conquest for King Halfdan. In Vingulmark, the sons of Gandalf of Vingulmark, Hysing, Helsing, and Hake, attempted to ambush Halfdan at night, but he escaped into the forest. After raising an army, he returned to defeat the brothers, killing Hysing and Helsing. Hake fled the country, and Halfdan became king of all of Vingulmark.
According to Heimskringla, Halfdan's second wife was also named Ragnhild. Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter was the daughter of Sigurd Hjort, king of Ringerike. She was kidnapped from her home by Hake, a "berserker" who encountered her father in Hadeland and killed him. In turn, Halfdan had her kidnapped from Hake, so that he could marry her. Fagrskinna does not mention any of these details, but calls Ragnhild the daughter of Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, who in Heimskringlas version is her great-grandfather. Both sagas agree that Ragnhild and Halfdan had a son who was also named Harald.
Heimskringla, Fagrskinna, Ágrip and Historia Norwegiæ all relate that Halfdan drowned when he fell through the ice of lake Randsfjorden on his return home from Hadeland. His horse and sleigh broke though ice weakened by cattle dung near a watering hole dug in the frozen lake. He was buried in a mound at Stein in Ringerike. Heimskringlas narrative adds that each of the districts of his kingdom wanted to claim his grave, and that it was agreed to divide his body into four pieces so each district could bury a piece of it, resulting in four different Halfdan's Mounds. According to this version, only his head is buried in Ringerike.
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Halvdan Svarte ble født omkring 820. Han døde i 860. Han ble norsk konge omkring 850. Vi har kun Snorres ord for at Halvdan Svarte hørte til Ynglingeætten. Han skal ha vært sønn til Gudrød Veidekonge og Åsa, og dermed en yngre halvbror av Olav Geirstadalv. Geirstad er antagelig Gjekstad i Sandar. Dette er nabogården til Gokstad, der en svær skipshaug ble gravd ut i 1880, og grunnen der haugen lå, har antagelig i sin tid tilhørt Gjekstad. En høvding i 50-60 års alderen lå i skipet, og dateringen kan passe, slik at det kan være fristende å tenke på Olav. Tradisjonen kaller ham Geirstadalv.
Det er merkelig lite i overleveringen som knytter sønnen Harald Hårfagre til Vestfold. Vi må likevel bli stående ved, som det rimeligste - siden det ikke finnes spor av noen annen opprinnelse i overleveringen - at Halvdan Svarte virkelig var et skudd på Ynglingeætten i Vestfold. Men han kan ha tilhørt en nordligere gren. Saga og sagn knytter ham først og fremst til Ringerike og Hadeland, og den sikreste tradisjonen om hans grav er den som sier at han ble hauglagt på Stein på Ringerike. Vi regner altså med at han rådde for et ikke ubetydelig rike på Vest-Opplandene, men at han også har fått Vestfold i sin makt - vel etter at Ragnvald Olavson på en eller annen måte er forsvunnet ut av bildet.
Halvdan Svarte skal ha vært gift med Ragnhild, datter av en kong Harald Gullskjegg i Sogn. Han omkom på vårparten 860 under en tur på isen på Randsfjorden.
Snorre Sturlason: Halvdan Svartes Saga:"1. Halvdan var årsgammel da faren falt, Åsa, mor hans, reiste straks vest til Agder med ham, slo seg ned der og tok det rike som hennes far hadde hatt. Der vokste Halvdan opp, han ble snart stor og sterk, han var svart i håret, og ble kalt Halvdan Svarte. Da han var 18 år gammel, fikk han kongedømme på Agder, like etter reiste han til Vestfold og delte riket der med broren, Olav. Samme høst dro han med en hær til Vingulmark mot kong Gandalv, de hadde mang en strid og det var seier på begge sider, men til slutt ble de forlikt; Halvdan skulle ha halve Vingulmark, slik som Gudrød, far hans hadde hatt før."
"9. Halvdan Svarte kjørte fra veitsle på Hadeland, og veien hans falt slik at han kjørte over Randsfjord; det var om våren; det var varmt av solen og det tinte godt. Og så kjørte de over Røykensviken, der hadde de brukt å vanne buskapen om vinteren, og der det var kommet møkk på isen, hadde det gravd seg hull av solvarmen. Da nå kongen kjørte over der, så røk isen, og der druknet kong Halvdan og en mengde mennesker, da var han 40 år gammel. Han hadde vært så årsæl en konge. Folk sørget så over ham, at da det ble kjent at han var død, og at liket var ført til Ringerike og skulle gravlegges der, så kom det stormenn fra Romerike og Vestfold og Hedmark, og alle krevde de å få liket med seg og hauglegge det i sitt fylke; alle trodde at de skulle få godt år om de fikk det. De ble forlikt på den måten at de delte liket i fire deler; hodet ble lagt i haug på Stein på Ringerike, og hver av de andre tok sin del med seg hjem og haugla den der, og alle disse haugene heter Halvdanshauger."Sammen med Dronning Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter fikk han sønnen:
1. Kong Harald I Halvdanson Hårfagre (Lufa) av Norge. Født omkring 860. Død omkring 932. 1)
1). Snorre Sturlason: Halvdan Svartes saga. Cappelen's Norges Historie, Bind 2. C.M. Munthe: Norske slegtsmerker, NST Bind I (1928), side 339. Mogens Bugge: Våre forfedre, nr. 458. Bent og Vidar Billing Hansen: Rosensverdslektens forfedre, side 54.
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Halvdan Svarte Gudrödsson, kung i Vestfold, Norge, på 800-talet, drunknade i Randsfjorden, son till Gudröd och far till Harald Hårfager, gift med Ragnhild, (dotter till Sigurd Hjort). Enligt Halvdan Svartes saga i Heimskringla härstammade han från ynglingaätten. Namnet Halvdan är fornnordiskt och betyder troligen 'halvdansk'. Flera norska kungar har haft det namnet. De enda primärkällorna om Halvdan Svartes existens är ifrågasatta. Han anses ofta vara en sagokung. (Källa: wikipedia)
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http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svarte
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http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_svarte
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfdan_the_Black
Åsa took the 1 year-old Halfdan and returned to Agder,
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Granraude
Da kongen av Vestfold, Gudrød Veidekonge, sendte menn for å fri til Haralds datter Åsa, takket Harald nei. Dette førte til at etter en stund satte kong Gudrød skip på vannet, og så seilte han med stor flåte vest til Agder og KONGSGÅRDEN på TROMØYA, han kom helt uventet på dem, gjorde landgang og kom til Haralds gard om natta. Da Harald merket at en hær var kommet gikk han ut med alt det folk han hadde. Det ble en hard kamp, men overmakten var for stor. Der falt Harald og Gyrd, sønn hans. Kong Gudrød tok stort hærfang, han tok også Åsa, datter til kong Harald, med seg hjem og holdt bryllup med henne.
En lokal legende sier at Harald Granraude gjemte seg i en underjordisk tunnel med Åsa, men de ble funnet og Harald ble halshugget.
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongshamn
Kongshamn ligger på Tromøys østside, og strekker seg fra Sandnes i vest til Omdalsøra i øst. Stedet har god trygg havn i Tromøysund. Man antar at dette har vært havn for kongens skip i vikingtid, og Snorre forteller om konge og kongsgård på Tromøy. Stedsnavnet Kongshavn forekommer flere steder i Norge.
Kongshamn eller Kongshavn var strandstedet som hørte til gården Sandnes
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Halvdan Svarte Gudrödsson, kung i Vestfold, Norge, på 800-talet, drunknade i Randsfjorden, son till Gudröd och far till Harald Hårfager, gift med Ragnhild, (dotter till Sigurd Hjort). Enligt Halvdan Svartes saga i Heimskringla härstammade han från ynglingaätten. Namnet Halvdan är fornnordiskt och betyder troligen 'halvdansk'. Flera norska kungar har haft det namnet.
De enda primärkällorna om Halvdan Svartes existens är ifrågasatta. Han anses ofta vara en sagokung.
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Halvdan Svarte
Halvdan Svarte
Konge av Vestfold
Navn: Hálfdan svarti
Regjeringstid: ca. 829 - ca. 860
Født: ca. 810
Død: ca. 860, Randsfjorden
Foreldre: Gudrød Halvdansson Veidekonge
og Åsa Haraldsdotter
Ektefelle(r): Ragnhild Haraldsdotter
Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter
Barn: Harald Hårfagre
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Halfdan the Black Gudrødsson (c. 810 – c. 860) was the father of the first King of Norway Harald Fairhair and belonged to the House of Yngling. No contemporary sources mention Halfdan, and the details of his life that are provided by later kings' sagas are considered semi-legendary by modern historians. Although he has his own saga in Heimskringla, it lacks any skaldic verse, which is normally used by Snorri as supporting evidence and this, combined with its rather legendary character, leads historians to be wary of seeing much veracity in it.
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Halfdan the Black
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the ninth-century king of Vestfold and father of Harald I of Norway. For his less famous grandson by the same name, see Halfdan Haraldsson the Black.
Halfdan the Black Gudrödarson (c. 810 – c. 860) (Old Norse: Hálfdan svarti, Norwegian: Halvdan Svarte) was a ninth-century king of Vestfold. He belonged to the House of Yngling and was the father of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway. [1]
According to Heimskringla and Fagsrkinna, Halfdan was the son of King Gudrød the Hunter. Heimskringla also names his mother, as Åsa, daughter of King Harald of Agder, and his half-brother as Olaf Geirstad-Alf. Heimskringla relates that when Halfdan's father was killed, Åsa took the 1 year-old Halfdan and returned to Agder, where Halfdan was raised. When he was 18 or 19 years old, Halfdan became king of Agder. He quickly began adding to his kingdom, through political negotiation and military conquest. He divided the kingdom of Vestfold with his brother Olaf and, through military action, persuaded King Gandalf of Vingulmark to cede half his kingdom.
Next, Halfdan subdued an area called Raumarike. To secure his claim to Raumarike, Halfdan first defeated and killed the previous ruler, Sigtryg Eysteinsson, in battle. He then defeated Sigtryg's brother and successor Eystein, in a series of battles. This established Halfdan's claim not only to Raumarike, but also to half of Hedmark, the core of Sigtryg and Eystein's kingdom. These details are only mentioned in Heimskringla.
Fagrskinna and Heimskringla both agree that Halfdan's first wife was Ragnhild, daughter of King Harald Gulskeg (Goldbeard) of Sogn. Halfdan and Ragnhild had a son named "Harald" after his grandfather, and they sent him to be raised at his grandfather's court. Harald Gulskeg, being elderly, named his grandson as his successor, shortly before his death. Ragnhild died shortly after her father, and the young king Harald fell sick and died the next spring. When Halfdan heard about his son's death, he travelled to Sogn and laid claim to the title of king. No resistance was offered, and Halfdan added Sogn to his realm.
The narrative in Heimskringla then adds another conquest for King Halfdan. In Vingulmark, the sons of Gandalf of Vingulmark, Hysing, Helsing, and Hake, attempted to ambush Halfdan at night, but he escaped into the forest. After raising an army, he returned to defeat the brothers, killing Hysing and Helsing. Hake fled the country, and Halfdan became king of all of Vingulmark.
According to Heimskringla, Halfdan's second wife was also named Ragnhild. Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter was the daughter of Sigurd Hjort, king of Ringerike. She was kidnapped from her home by Hake, a "berserker" who encountered her father in Hadeland and killed him. In turn, Halfdan had her kidnapped from Hake, so that he could marry her. Fagrskinna does not mention any of these details, but calls Ragnhild the daughter of Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, who in Heimskringlas version is her great-grandfather. Both sagas agree that Ragnhild and Halfdan had a son who was also named Harald.
Halvdanshaugen at Hadeland Folkemuseum, one of the several burial sites of Halfdan the Black[edit] Halvdanshaugen
Heimskringla, Fagrskinna, Ágrip and Historia Norwegiæ all relate that Halfdan drowned when he fell through the ice of lake Randsfjorden on his return home from Hadeland. His horse and sleigh broke though ice weakened by cattle dung near a watering hole dug in the frozen lake. He was buried in a mound at Stein in Ringerike.
Heimskringlas narrative adds that each of the districts of his kingdom wanted to claim his grave, and that it was agreed to divide his body into four pieces so each district could bury a piece of it, resulting in four different site called Halvdanshaugen (from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound). According to this version, only his head is buried in Ringerike.
[edit] Sources
No contemporary sources mention Halfdan, and the details of his life that are provided by later kings' sagas are considered semi-legendary by modern historians. Although he has his own saga in Heimskringla, it lacks any skaldic verse, which is normally used by Snorri as supporting evidence and this, combined with its rather legendary character, leads historians to be wary of seeing much veracity in it. The "Black" nickname was given to him because of his black hair.
Halfdan is mentioned in Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla (c. 1230), Fagrskinna (c. 1220), Ágrip (c. 1190) and Historia Norwegiæ (late 12th century). The most elaborate story is found in the latest saga, Heimskringla. According to the Latin Historia Norwegiæ, Halvdan was a king "in montanis" (in the mountains), which is usually equivalent to Oppland in the Old Norse[2]. This conflicts with the version told in Heimskringla.
-------------------- Jeg døde da jeg gikk gjennom isen på Randsfjorden i Buskerud en vinternatt. -------------------- http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svarte
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfdan_the_Black
http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svartes_saga
http://lind.no/nor/index.asp?lang=gb&emne=&person=&list=&vis=s_e_halvdan_svarte
http://lind.no/nor/index.asp?lang=gb&emne=asatru&person=Halfdan%20the%20Black
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Please note: He was married with two Ragnhild, - Ragnhild Haraldsdotter and Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter.
Please also note that he had a son named Harald Halvdansson with both of them, - Haraldsdotter's son died 10 years old and Sigurdsdotter's son was later known as Harrald Hårfagre/Finehair, the united Norways first king.
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Småkonge i Vestfold
Kong Halvdan Svarte (820 - 860)
Halvdan Svarte ble født omkring 820. Han døde i 860. Han ble norsk konge omkring 850. Vi har kun Snorres ord for at Halvdan Svarte hørte til Ynglingeætten. Han skal ha vært sønn til Gudrød Veidekonge og Åsa, og dermed en yngre halvbror av Olav Geirstadalv. Geirstad er antagelig Gjekstad i Sandar. Dette er nabogården til Gokstad, der en svær skipshaug ble gravd ut i 1880, og grunnen der haugen lå, har antagelig i sin tid tilhørt Gjekstad. En høvding i 50-60 års alderen lå i skipet, og dateringen kan passe, slik at det kan være fristende å tenke på Olav. Tradisjonen kaller ham Geirstadalv.
Det er merkelig lite i overleveringen som knytter sønnen Harald Hårfagre til Vestfold. Vi må likevel bli stående ved, som det rimeligste - siden det ikke finnes spor av noen annen opprinnelse i overleveringen - at Halvdan Svarte virkelig var et skudd på Ynglingeætten i Vestfold. Men han kan ha tilhørt en nordligere gren. Saga og sagn knytter ham først og fremst til Ringerike og Hadeland, og den sikreste tradisjonen om hans grav er den som sier at han ble hauglagt på Stein på Ringerike. Vi regner altså med at han rådde for et ikke ubetydelig rike på Vest-Opplandene, men at han også har fått Vestfold i sin makt - vel etter at Ragnvald Olavson på en eller annen måte er forsvunnet ut av bildet.
Halvdan Svarte skal ha vært gift med Ragnhild, datter av en kong Harald Gullskjegg i Sogn. Han omkom på vårparten 860 under en tur på isen på Randsfjorden.
Snorre Sturlason: Halvdan Svartes Saga:"1. Halvdan var årsgammel da faren falt, Åsa, mor hans, reiste straks vest til Agder med ham, slo seg ned der og tok det rike som hennes far hadde hatt. Der vokste Halvdan opp, han ble snart stor og sterk, han var svart i håret, og ble kalt Halvdan Svarte. Da han var 18 år gammel, fikk han kongedømme på Agder, like etter reiste han til Vestfold og delte riket der med broren, Olav. Samme høst dro han med en hær til Vingulmark mot kong Gandalv, de hadde mang en strid og det var seier på begge sider, men til slutt ble de forlikt; Halvdan skulle ha halve Vingulmark, slik som Gudrød, far hans hadde hatt før."
"9. Halvdan Svarte kjørte fra veitsle på Hadeland, og veien hans falt slik at han kjørte over Randsfjord; det var om våren; det var varmt av solen og det tinte godt. Og så kjørte de over Røykensviken, der hadde de brukt å vanne buskapen om vinteren, og der det var kommet møkk på isen, hadde det gravd seg hull av solvarmen. Da nå kongen kjørte over der, så røk isen, og der druknet kong Halvdan og en mengde mennesker, da var han 40 år gammel. Han hadde vært så årsæl en konge. Folk sørget så over ham, at da det ble kjent at han var død, og at liket var ført til Ringerike og skulle gravlegges der, så kom det stormenn fra Romerike og Vestfold og Hedmark, og alle krevde de å få liket med seg og hauglegge det i sitt fylke; alle trodde at de skulle få godt år om de fikk det. De ble forlikt på den måten at de delte liket i fire deler; hodet ble lagt i haug på Stein på Ringerike, og hver av de andre tok sin del med seg hjem og haugla den der, og alle disse haugene heter Halvdanshauger."Sammen med Dronning Ragnhild Sigurdsdatter fikk han sønnen:
1. Kong Harald I Halvdanson Hårfagre (Lufa) av Norge. Født omkring 860. Død omkring 932. 1)
1). Snorre Sturlason: Halvdan Svartes saga. Cappelen's Norges Historie, Bind 2. C.M. Munthe: Norske slegtsmerker, NST Bind I (1928), side 339. Mogens Bugge: Våre forfedre, nr. 458. Bent og Vidar Billing Hansen: Rosensverdslektens forfedre, side 54.
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Halvdan Svarte, ca. 810 - ca. 860. Det er sprikende data om hans fødsel- og dødsår, men han var konge fra ca. 829. Tilnavnet «Svarte» fikk han på grunn av sitt svarte hår.
Tradisjonen om Halvdan Svarte er historisk usikker, men han nevnes i mange historiske verk; Ågrip (Trondheim, ca. 1190), Halvdan Svartes saga i Heimskringla (Snorre, ca. 1220) og Fagrskinna (Island, ca. 1225).
Halvdan Svarte tilhørte i følge Snorre Ynglingeætten, født i Kolbu på Toten, den gang en del av gamle Hadafylke, og hersket over store deler av Østlandet. Han arvet det nordlige Vestfold og la under seg Opplandene og Viken.
Ragnhilds far, Sigurd Hjort, var den gang eier av Stein gård i Hole på Ringerike. Berserken Håke drepte først Sigurd Hjort og røvet deretter Ragnhild. Halvdan Svarte reddet Ragnhild og giftet seg med henne. Han skal ha bosatt seg på Stein gård. Han utgjør en av de 4 kongene i kommunevåpenet til Hole kommune.
(Kilde: Wikipedia.no)
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RESIDENCE: (Ble konge i Agder som 18-åring)
OCCUPATION: Småkonge Vestfold ca.835-
BIRTH: 0820
DEATH: 0860, Røykensvik i Randsfjorden (druknet)
http://www.nermo.org/slekt/d0045/g0000024.html#I1869
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Kom fra Ynglingeætta. Han var et år da faren døde. Han var småkonge. Han druknet i Røykenvika i Randsfjorden etter å ha gått gjennom isen sammen med en mengde mennesker. Halvdan hadde en halvbror, Ragnvald. Moren til Ragnvald var Alvhild Alvarinsdtr.
Alle opplysninger her i fra og bakover i tid er hentet fra Snorre Sturluson; Norges kongesagaer,
1. HALFDAN FIGHTS WITH GANDALF AND SIGTRYG.
Halfdan was a year old when his father was killed, and his mother Asa set off immediately with him westwards to Agder, and set herself there in the kingdom which her father Harald had possessed. Halfdan grew up there, and soon became stout and strong; and, by reason of his black hair, was called Halfdan the Black. When he was eighteen years old he took his kingdom in Agder, and went immediately to Vestfold, where he divided that
kingdom, as before related, with his brother Olaf. The same autumn he went with an army to Vingulmark against King Gandalf. They had many battles, and sometimes one, sometimes the other gained the victory; but at last they agreed that Halfdan should
have half of Vingulmark, as his father Gudrod had had it before. Then King Halfdan proceeded to Raumarike, and subdued it. King Sigtryg, son of King Eystein, who then had his residence in Hedemark, and who had subdued Raumarike before, having heard of
this, came out with his army against King Halfdan, and there was great battle, in which King Halfdan was victorious; and just as King Sigtryg and his troops were turning about to fly, an arrow struck him under the left arm, and he fell dead. Halfdan then laid the whole of Raumarike under his power. King Eystein's second son, King Sigtryg's brother, was also called Eystein, and was then king in Hedemark. As soon as Halfdan had returned to
Vestfold, King Eystein went out with his army to Raumarike, and laid the whole country in subjection to him.
2. BATTLE BETWEEN HALFDAN AND EYSTEIN.
When King Halfdan heard of these disturbances in Raumarike, he again gathered his army together; and went out against King Eystein. A battle took place between them, and Halfdan gained the victory, and Eystein fled up to Hedemark, pursued by Halfdan. Another battle took place, in which Halfdan was again victorious; and Eystein fled northwards, up into the Dales to the herse Gudbrand. There he was strengthened with new people, and in
winter he went towards Hedemark, and met Halfdan the Black upon a large island which lies in the Mjosen lake. There a great battle was fought, and many people on both sides were slain, but Halfdan won the victory. There fell Guthorm, the son of the herse Gudbrand, who was one of the finest men in the Uplands. Then Eystein fled north up the valley, and sent his relation Halvard Skalk to King Halfdan to beg for peace. On consideration of their relationship, King Halfdan gave King Eystein half of Hedemark,
which he and his relations had held before; but kept to himself Thoten, and the district called Land. He likewise appropriated to himself Hadeland, and thus became a mighty king.
3. HALFDAN'S MARRIAGE
Halfdan the Black got a wife called Ragnhild, a daughter of Harald Gulskeg (Goldbeard), who was a king in Sogn. They had a son, to whom Harald gave his own name; and the boy was brought up in Sogn, by his mother's father, King Harald. Now when this Harald had lived out his days nearly, and was become weak, having no son, he gave his dominions to his daughter's son Harald, and gave him his title of king; and he died soon after. The same winter his daughter Ragnhild died; and the following spring the young Harald fell sick and died at ten years of age. As soon as Halfdan the Black heard of his son's death, he took the road northwards to Sogn with a great force, and was well received. He claimed the heritage and dominion after his son; and no opposition being made, he took the whole kingdom. Earl Atle Mjove (the Slender), who was a friend of King Halfdan, came to him from Gaular; and the king set him over the Sogn district, to judge in the country according to the country's laws, and collect scat upon the king's account. Thereafter King Halfdan proceeded to his kingdom in the Uplands.
4. HALFDAN'S STRIFE WITH GANDALF'S SONS.
In autumn, King Halfdan proceeded to Vingulmark. One night when he was there in guest quarters, it happened that about midnight a man came to him who had been on the watch on horseback, and told him a war force was come near to the house. The king instantly
got up, ordered his men to arm themselves, and went out of the house and drew them up in battle order. At the same moment, Gandalf's sons, Hysing and Helsing, made their appearance with a large army. There was a great battle; but Halfdan being overpowered by the numbers of people fled to the forest, leaving many of his men on this spot. His foster-father, Olver Spake (the Wise), fell here. The people now came in swarms to King
Halfdan, and he advanced to seek Gandalf's sons. They met at Eid, near Lake Oieren, and fought there. Hysing and Helsing fell, and their brother Hake saved himself by flight. King Halfdan then took possession of the whole of Vingulmark, and Hake fled to Alfheimar.
5. HALFDAN'S MARRIAGE WITH HJORT'S DAUGHTER.
Sigurd Hjort was the name of a king in Ringerike, who was stouter and stronger than any other man, and his equal could not be seen for a handsome appearance. His father was Helge Hvasse (the Sharp); and his mother was Aslaug, a daughter of Sigurd the worm-
eyed, who again was a son of Ragnar Lodbrok. It is told of Sigurd that when he was only twelve years old he killed in single combat the berserk Hildebrand, and eleven others of his comrades; and many are the deeds of manhood told of him in a long saga about his feats. Sigurd had two children, one of whom was a daughter, called Ragnhild, then twenty years of age, and an excellent brisk girl. Her brother Guthorm was a youth. It is related in regard to Sigurd's death that he had a custom of riding out quite alone in the uninhabited forest to hunt the wild beasts that are hurtful to man, and he was always very eager at
this sport. One day he rode out into the forest as usual, and when he had ridden a long way he came out at a piece of cleared land near to Hadeland. There the berserk Hake came against him with thirty men, and they fought. Sigurd Hjort fell there, after killing twelve of Hake's men; and Hake himself lost one hand, and had three other wounds. Then Hake and his men rode to Sigurd's house, where they took his daughter Ragnhild and her brother Guthorm, and carried them, with much property and valuable articles, home to Hadeland, where Hake had many great farms. He ordered a feast to be prepared, intending to hold his wedding with Ragnhild; but the time passed on account of his wounds, which healed slowly; and the berserk Hake of Hadeland had to keep his bed, on account of his wounds, all the autumn and beginning of winter. Now King Halfdan was in Hedemark at the Yule entertainments when he heard this news; and one morning early,
when the king was dressed, he called to him Harek Gand, and told him to go over to Hadeland, and bring him Ragnhild, Sigurd Hjort's daughter. Harek got ready with a hundred men, and made his journey so that they came over the lake to Hake's house in
the grey of the morning, and beset all the doors and stairs of the places where the house-servants slept. Then they broke into the sleeping-room where Hake slept, took Ragnhild, with her brother Guthorm, and all the goods that were there, and set fire to the house-servants' place, and burnt all the people in it. Then they covered over a magnificent waggon, placed Ragnhild and Guthorm in it, and drove down upon the ice. Hake got up and went after them a while; but when he came to the ice on the lake, he turned his sword-hilt to the ground and let himself fall upon the point, so that the sword went through him. He was buried under a mound on the banks of the lake. When King Halfdan, who was very quick of sight, saw the party returning over the frozen lake, and with a covered waggon, he knew that their errand was accomplished according to his desire. Thereupon he ordered the tables to be set out, and sent people all round in the neighbourhood to invite plenty of guests; and the same day there was a good feast which was also Halfdan's marriage-feast with Ragnhild, who became a great queen. Ragnhild's mother was Thorny, a daughter of Klakharald king in Jutland, and a sister of Thrye Dannebod who
was married to the Danish king, Gorm the Old, who then ruled over the Danish dominions.
6. OF RAGNHILD'S DREAM.
Ragnhild, who was wise and intelligent, dreamt great dreams. She dreamt, for one, that she was standing out in her herb-garden, and she took a thorn out of her shift; but while she was holding the thorn in her hand it grew so that it became a great tree, one end of which struck itself down into the earth, and it became firmly rooted; and the other end of the tree raised itself so high in the air that she could scarcely see over it, and it became also wonderfully thick. The under part of the tree was red with blood, but the stem upwards was beautifully green and the branches white as snow. There were many and great limbs to the tree, some high up, others low down; and so vast were the tree's branches that they seemed to her to cover all Norway, and even much more.
7. OF HALFDAN'S DREAM.
King Halfdan never had dreams, which appeared to him an extraordinary circumstance; and he told it to a man called Thorleif Spake (the Wise), and asked him what his advice was about it. Thorleif said that what he himself did, when he wanted to have any revelation by dream, was to take his sleep in a swine-sty, and then it never failed that he had dreams. The king did so, and the following dream was revealed to him. He thought he had the most beautiful hair, which was all in ringlets; some so long as to fall upon the ground, some reaching to the middle of his legs, some to his knees, some to his loins or the middle of his sides, some to his neck, and some were only as knots springing from his head. These ringlets were of various colours; but one ringlet surpassed all the others in beauty, lustre, and size. This dream he told to Thorleif, who interpreted it thus: -- There should be a great posterity from him, and his descendants should rule over countries with great, but not all with equally great, honour; but one of his race should be more celebrated than all the others. It was the opinion of people that this ringlet betokened King Olaf the Saint.
King Halfdan was a wise man, a man of truth and uprightness -- who made laws, observed them himself, and obliged others to observe them. And that violence should not come in place of the laws, he himself fixed the number of criminal acts in law, and the compensations, mulcts, or penalties, for each case, according to every one's birth and dignity (1).
Queen Ragnhild gave birth to a son, and water was poured over him, and the name of Harald given him, and he soon grew stout and remarkably handsome. As he grew up he became very expert at all feats, and showed also a good understanding. He was much beloved by his mother, but less so by his father.
ENDNOTES:
(1) The penalty, compensation, or manbod for every injury, due the party injured, or to his family and next of kin if the injury was the death or premeditated murder of the party,
appears to have been fixed for every rank and condition, from the murder of the king down to the maiming or beating a man's cattle or his slave. A man for whom no compensation
was due was a dishonored person, or an outlaw. It appears to have been optional with the injured party, or his kin if he had been killed, to take the mulct or compensation, or to
refuse it, and wait for an opportunity of taking vengeance for the injury on the party who inflicted it, or on his kin. A part of each mulct or compensation was due to the king;
and, these fines or penalties appear to have constituted a great proportion of the king's revenues, and to have been settled in the Things held in every district for administering the law with the lagman. -- L.
8. HALFDAN'S MEAT VANISHES AT A FEAST
King Halfdan was at a Yule-feast in Hadeland, where a wonderful thing happened one Yule evening. When the great number of guests assembled were going to sit down to table, all the meat and all the ale disappeared from the table. The king sat alone very
confused in mind; all the others set off, each to his home, in consternation. That the king might come to some certainty about what had occasioned this event, he ordered a Fin to be seized who was particularly knowing, and tried to force him to disclose the truth; but however much he tortured the man, he got nothing out of him. The Fin sought help particularly from Harald, the king's son, and Harald begged for mercy for him, but in vain. Then Harald let him escape against the king's will, and accompanied the man himself. On their journey they came to a place where the man's chief had a great feast, and it appears they were well received there. When they had been there until spring, the chief said, "Thy father took it much amiss that in winter I took some provisions from him, -- now I will repay it to thee by a joyful piece of news: thy father is dead; and now thou shalt return
home, and take possession of the whole kingdom which he had, and with it thou shalt lay the whole kingdom of Norway under thee."
9. HALFDAN S DEATH.
Halfdan the Black was driving from a feast in Hadeland, and it so happened that his road lay over the lake called Rand. It was in spring, and there was a great thaw. They drove across the bight called Rykinsvik, where in winter there had been a pond broken in the ice for cattle to drink at, and where the dung had fallen upon the ice the thaw had eaten it into holes. Now as the king drove over it the ice broke, and King Halfdan and many with him perished. He was then forty years old. He had been one of the most fortunate kings in respect of good seasons. The people thought so much of him, that when his death was known and his body was floated to Ringerike to bury it there, the people of most consequence from Raumarike, Vestfold, and Hedemark came to meet it. All desired to take the body with them to bury it in their own district, and they thought that those who got it would have good crops to expect. At last it was agreed to divide the body into four parts. The head was laid in a mound at Stein in Ringerike, and each of the others took his part home and laid it in a mound; and these have since been called Halfdan's Mounds.
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Halvdan Svarte Gudrödsson, kung i Vestfold, Norge, på 800-talet, drunknade i Randsfjorden, son till Gudröd och far till Harald Hårfager, gift med Ragnhild, (dotter till Sigurd Hjort). Enligt Halvdan Svartes saga i Heimskringla härstammade han från ynglingaätten. Namnet Halvdan är fornnordiskt och betyder troligen 'halvdansk'. Flera norska kungar har haft det namnet.
De enda primärkällorna om Halvdan Svartes existens är ifrågasatta. Han anses ofta vara en sagokung.
Enligt sagan så ska Halvdan svarte ha enat fler norska fylken än någon annan norsk småkung och därmed tagit första steget mot ett enat Norge, ett verk som hans son Harald Hårfagre skulle fullborda.
Halvdan svartes historia
Kapitel 1
Halvdan kämpar med Gandalv och Sigtrygg.
Halvdan var ett år gammal, då hans fader föll1. Hans moder Åsa for genast med honom västerut till Agder och tog det rike i besittning, som hennes fader hade ägt. Där växte Halvdan upp och blev tidigt stor och stark och svarthårig; han fick namnet Halvdan svarte. Då han var aderton år gammal, tog han emot konungadömet på Agder; han for genast till Vestfold och delade riket med sin broder Olav. Samma höst drog han med en här till Vingulmark emot konung Gandalv. De utkämpade många strider med varandra och hade ömsevis seger, men till slut förliktes de på det villkor, att Halvdan skulle hava halva Vingulmark, såsom hans fader Gudröd förut hade haft.
Därefter drog Halvdan upp till Raumarike och lade detta land under sig. Detta sporde konung Sigtrygg, son till konung Östen; han hade sitt säte på Hedemarken och hade förut lagt Raumarike under sig. Sigtrygg drog då med en här emot konung Halvdan; där blev en hård strid, och Halvdan vann seger Då flykten började, blev konung Sigtrygg träffad av en pil under vänstra armen och föll där. Sedan underlade sig Halvdan hela Raumarike.
Östen hette en annan son till konung Östen, broder till konungs Sigtrygg; han blev nu konung på Hedemarken. Men då Halvdan hade farit tillbaka till Vestfold, drog konung Östen med sin här till Raumarike och lade landet under sig vida omkring.
Kapitel 2
Strid mellan Halvdan och Östen.
Då Halvdan fick veta, att det rådde ofred i Raumarike, samlade han en här och drog emot konung Östen. Det kom till en strid emellan dem; Halvdan segrade, och Östen flydde upp till Hedemarken. Konung Halvdan följde efter honom med sin här upp till Hedemarken, och de hade där ännu en strid. Halvdan vann åter seger, och Östen flydde norrut till hersen Gudbrand i Dalarna1. Han skaffade sig folk därifrån och drog sedan om vintern ned till Hedemarken. Han mötte Halvdan svarte på en stor ö i Mjösen2. Där stod en ny strid emellan dem; mycket folk föll på bägge sidor, men Halvdan segrade. Där föll hersen Gudbrands son Guthorm, som ansågs för den mest lovande mannen i Upplanden. Östen flydde ännu en gång norrut till Dalarna. Därefter sände han sin frände Hallvard »skalk»3 till konung Halvdan för att söka förlikning, och för släktskapens skull4 avstod Halvdan åt konung Östen halva Hedemarken. Halvdan underlade sig Toten och det område som heter Land; sedan bemäktigade han sig också Hadeland. Han var nu en mäktig konung.
Dalarna, dvs. Gudbrandsdalarna, fordom namn på ett fylke, omfattande den nuvarande Gudbrandsdalen jämte Faaberg och Gausdal.
Den stora ön i Mjösen är Helgöen.
Ordet »skalk», ett ord som i de nordiska språken är lånat från tyska dialekter, har här sin ursprungliga betydelse »tjänare».
Enligt kapitel 44 i Ynglingarnas historia var Halvdans stamfader Halvdan vitben gift med en dotter till en konung Östen på Hedemarken, från vilken den här omtalade konung Östen härstammade.
Kapitel 3
Konung Halvdans giftermål.
Halvdan svarte fick en hustru vid namn Ragnhild, dotter till Harald gullskägg, som var konung i Sogn. De fingo en son, som konung Harald gav sitt namn, och denne gosse uppfostrades i Sogn hos sin morfader konung Harald. Då Harald hade blivit gammal och skröplig, gav han, emedan han var sonlös, riket åt sin dotterson Harald och lät taga honom till konung. Kort därefter dog Harald. Samma vinter dog hans dotter Ragnhild. Våren därpå dog den unge konung Harald i Sogn sotdöden; han var då tio år gammal. Så snart Halvdan svarte sporde sonens död, begav han sig åstad med ett stort följe och for norrut till Sogn. Han blev där väl emottagen. Han krävde riket i arv efter sin son. Ingen gjorde motstånd däremot, och han underlade sig nu detta rike. Sedan kom till honom jarlen Atle den smale från Gaular; han var en vän till konung Halvdan. Konungen satte honom över Sognafylke att där döma enligt landslag och uppbära skatterna. Konung Halvdan for själv därifrån till Upplanden.
Kapitel 4
Strid mellan Halvdan och Gandalvssönerna.
Konung Halvdan for om hösten ut till Vingulmark. Det hände en natt, då Halvdan var på gästning, att den man som hade hållit vakt över hästarna, kom till honom vid midnatt och omtalade, att en fientlig här hade. kommit nära gården. Konungen steg genast upp, befallde männen att väpna sig och gick därefter skyndsamt ut och ställde upp sitt folk. Snart kommo Gandalvs söner, Hysing och Helsing, dit med en stor här. Det blev en hård strid, och då konung Halvdan hade övermakten emot sig, flydde han till skogen efter att ha förlorat mycket folk. Där föll konung Halvdans fosterfader, Olve den vise. Senare samlades folk kring Halvdan, och han for då och sökte upp Gandalvssönerna, De träffades på Eid vid Öjeren1 och kämpade där. Där föllo Hysing och Helsing, men deras broder Hake räddade sig genom flykten. Därefter underlade konung Halvdan sig hela Vingulmark. Hake flydde till Alvheimar.
Det här omtalade Eid är det nuvarande Askim och en del av Trögstad söder om Öjeren i norra Smålenene.
Kapitel 5
Konung Halvdan äktar Ragnhild.
Sigurd hjort hette en konung i Ringerike. Han var större och starkare än andra män; han var också den vackraste bland män. Hans fader var Helge den vasse och hans moder Åslaug, dotter till Sigurd orm-i-öga, Ragnar lodbroks son1. Det berättas, att då Sigurd hjort var tolv år gammal, dräpte han i envige bärsärken Hildebrand och elva män med honom. Han utförde många storverk, och det finnes en lång saga om honom2. Han hade två barn. Dottern hette Ragnhild; hon var en mycket duktig kvinna. Hon var nu i tjugoårsåldern; hennes broder Guthorm var ännu icke vuxen.
Det förtäljes om Sigurds död, att han red ensam ut i ödemarkerna, såsom hans vana var. Han jagade där stora och farliga djur; däråt hängav han sig ofta med iver. Men då han hade ridit lång väg, kom han fram till en rödjning i närheten av Hadeland, och där mötte honom bärsärken Hake med trettio män. De kämpade där med varandra; Sigurd hjort föll och tolv av Hakes män, och själv miste denne armen och fick tre andra sår. Därefter red Hake till Sigurds gård och tog där hans dotter Ragnhild och hennes broder Guthorm och förde dem jämte mycket gods och många klenoder med sig hem till Hadeland, där han ägde stora gårdar. Han lät tillreda ett gästabud och ämnade fira bröllop med Ragnhild, men det drog ut på tiden därmed, emedan hans sår artade sig illa. Hake Hada-bärsärk3 låg sjuk av sina sår under hösten och början av vintern.
Om julen var konung Halvdan på Hedemarken; han hade sport alla dessa händelser. Tidigt en morgon, när konungen var klädd, kallade han till sig Hårek »trollspö» och befallde honom att fara över till Hadeland och hämta honom Sigurd hjorts dotter Ragnhild. Hårek gjorde sig redo att fara och hade med sig hundra man. Han ställde färden så, att de i ottan kommo över sjön och fram till Hakes gård. De satte vakt vid alla ingångar till skålen4, där männen sovo. Därefter gingo de till den sovkammare5, där Hake låg, bröto sig in och bortförde Ragnhild och hennes broder Guthorm jämte allt det gods som fanns där. Skålen satte de eld på och innebrände alla som voro därinne. De tältade en praktfull vagn och satte däri Ragnhild och Guthorm och foro sedan ut på isen. Hake steg upp och följde efter dem en stund, men då han kom ned till den isbelagda sjön, vände han fästet på sitt svärd mot marken och kastade sig på spetsen, så att svärdet trängde tvärs igenom honom; han fick sin bane där och är högsatt på sjöstranden.
Konung Halvdan, som var mycket skarpsynt, såg då de foro över isen; han såg en tältad vagn och trodde sig därav förstå, att deras uppdrag hade blivit uträttat, såsom han önskade. Han lät då sätta fram sitt bord och sände bud vida omkring i bygderna och bjöd till sig många män. Där hölls den dagen ett präktigt gästabud, och vid det gästabudet tog Halvdan Ragnhild till hustru, och hon var sedan en mäktig drottning. Ragnhilds moder var Thyrni, dotter till konung Klack-Harald i Jutland och syster till Thyra Danabot, som var gift med den dåvarande härskaren över Danavälde Gorm den gamle6.
De bekanta sagohjältarna, Ragnar lodbrok och hans söner äro ursprungligen historiska personligheter. Ragnar var en dansk jarl, som vid midten av 800-talet företog ett berömt härnadståg till Frankrike; hans söner härjade dels i Frankrike, dels i England, av vilket sistnämnda land stora delar erövrades. Deras historia har emellertid senare blivit till oigenkänlighet förvanskad genom en rik sagobildning kring deras namn såväl i Danmark som i Norge och på Island. Redan hos den danske historieskrivaren Saxo grammaticus har den frejdade Ragnar bl. a. gjorts till stamfader för den svenska och den danska konungaätten; den isländska traditionen låter sonen Sigurd orm-i-ögas dotter eller (som hos Snorre) dotterdotter äkta Halvdan svarte och därigenom bliva stammoder för de följande norska konungarna.
Denna saga har icke bevarats till vår tid. Att en sådan saga funnits under Snorres dagar, bestyrkes emellertid genom citat ur densamma även i en annan medeltida skrift.
Dvs. Hadarnas (invånarnas i Hadeland) bärsärk. Hake kallas i en annan källa för konung på Hadeland.
Skåle är namnet på det förnämsta huset i en fornnordisk gård. Den var försedd med väggfasta sängplatser längs väggarna och användes bl. a. som sovrum.
Denna sovkammare var belägen i ett särskilt, från gården fristående litet hus.
Gorm den gamle, konung i Danmark, död o. 936 efter en enligt sägen ovanligt lång regering.
Kapitel 6
Om Ragnhilds drömmar.
Drottning Ragnhild drömde stora drömmar; hon var en mycket klok kvinna. En av hennes drömmar var denna. Hon tyckte, att hon stod i sin trädgård och tog en törntagg ur sin underklädnad. Medan hon höll den i sin hand, växte den så, att den blev till ett stort träd; den ena änden nådde ned till jorden och slog strax rot där, den andra sträckte sig högt upp i luften. Snart syntes henne trädet så stort, att hon knappt kunde se över det; det var också övermåttan tjockt. Den nedersta delen av trädet var röd som blod, men längre upp var stammen fagert grön, och uppe i grenarna var trädet snövitt. Det fanns många stora kvistar på trädet, somliga längre upp, andra längre ned. Dess grenar voro så stora, att de tycktes henne utbreda sig över hela Norge och ännu vidare omkring.
Drottning Ragnhilds dröm.
Kapitel 7
Halvdans dröm.
Konung Halvdan drömde aldrig.. Detta tycktes honom underligt, och han talade om det för en man vid namn Thorleiv den vise och sökte råd av honom, vad han skulle kunna göra därvid. Thorleiv omtalade då, vad han gjorde, när han önskade att få veta något om kommande händelser: han lade sig att sova i en svinstia, och då slog det aldrig fel, att han drömde. Konungen gjorde så, och då hade han denna dröm: han tyckte, att han hade ett övermåttan rikt hår, och allt håret föll i lockar, några ända ned till jorden, några till midt på benet, några till knäet, några till länderna, några till midjan, några till halsen, några slutligen stucko, nätt och jämt fram ur huvudskålen som korta horn; lockarna hade olika färg, men en lock övergick alla andra i skönhet och glans och storlek. Han omtalade denna dröm för Thorleiv, och denne tydde drömmen så, att Halvdan skulle bliva stamfader för en stor släkt, och denna skulle härska över landet med stor heder, dock icke alla med lika stor; och en skulle komma av hans ätt, som skulle vara större och härligare än alla andra. Man tror med visshet, att denna lock betecknade konung Olav den helige.
Konung Halvdan var en klok, pålitlig och rättrådig man; han stiftade lag och höll den själv och tvang andra att hålla den, så att den icke skulle omintetgöras genom självrådighet. Han fastställde också själv fördelningen av dråpsböterna1 och skiftade dem åt var och en efter hans börd och värdighet.
Drottning Ragnhild födde en son; han blev vattenöst2 och fick namnet Harald. Han blev tidigt stor och mycket vacker. Han växte upp där3 och blev snart mycket skicklig i alla färdigheter och mycket förståndig. Hans moder älskade honom mycket, hans fader däremot mindre.
Det synes här vara fråga om de böter, som enligt fornnordisk lag dråparens släktingar hade att utbetala till den dräptes.
Begjutning med vatten vid namngivningen förekom redan i heden tid. Sannolikt beror denna ceremoni på ett tidigt inflytande från de kristna folk, med vilka de hedniska nordborna stodo i förbindelse.
Dvs. vid Halvdans hov.
Kapitel 8
Maten stjäles bort.
Konung Halvdan uppehöll sig en jul på Hadeland. Där hände på julaftonen något underligt. Då männen hade satt sig till bords — det var många människor där — försvann all maten och allt ölet från borden. Konung Halvdan satt kvar illa till mods, men de andra begåvo sig hem var och en till sitt. For att få veta, vad som vållade denna händelse, lät konungen gripa en finne, som var mångkunnig1, och ville tvinga honom att säga sanningen; han lät pina honom, men fick ändå icke något ur honom. Finnen vände sig till hans son Harald med bön om hjälp. Denne bad om förskoning för honom, men fick icke sin bön beviljad. Harald hjälpte honom då mot konungens vilja på flykten och följde själv med honom. De kommo till ett ställe, där en hövding höll ett stort gästabud, och där blevo de, såsom de tyckte, väl mottagna. Då de hade varit där till ut på våren, sade hövdingen en dag till Harald: »Din fader tyckte, att det var en mycket stor förlust, att jag tog litet mat från honom i vintras; men jag skall ersätta dig det med en glädjande underrättelse. Din fader är död, och du skall fara hem. Du får hela det rike som han har ägt, och därtill skall du lägga under dig hela Norge».
Mångkunnig betyder här »trollkunnig», »som sitter inne med hemligt vetande».
Kapitel 9
Halvdan svartes död.
Halvdan svarte for från gästningen på Hadeland, och hans väg låg så, att han åkte över Rondvattnet. Det var på våren, och det var stark solvärme. De åkte över Rykinsvik. Där hade om vintern varit brunnar för kreaturen, och då spillningen hade fallit på isen, hade denna smält där rundt omkring i solvärmen. Då konungen åkte över, brast isen, och konung Halvdan drunknade där och mycket folk med honom. Han var då fyrtio år gammal. Han hade varit den årsällaste av alla konungar. Så mycket älskade folket honom, att då det spordes att han var död och hans lik fördes till Ringerike för att begravas där, foro stormännen från Raumarike och Vestfold och Hedemarken dit och bado alla att få taga liket med sig och högsätta det i sitt fylke; man väntade sig god äring hos dem som finge det. Men de enades slutligen om att dela liket i fyra delar; huvudet blev höglagt vid Stein i Ringerike, men var och en av de andra förde hem sin del och högsatte den. Alla dessa högar kallas Halvdanshögar.
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http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halvdan_Svarte
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Vi har kun Snorres ord for at Halvdan Svarte hørte til Ynglingeætten. Han skal ha vært sønn til Gudrød Veidekonge og Åsa, og dermed en yngre halvbror av Olav Geirstadalv. Geirstad er antagelig Gjekstad i Sandar. Dette er nabogården til Gokstad, der en svær skipshaug ble gravd ut i 1880, og grunnen der haugen lå, har antagelig i sin tid tilhørt Gjekstad. En høvding i 50-60 års alderen lå i skipet, og dateringen kan passe, slik at det kan være fristende å tenke på Olav. Tradisjonen kaller ham Geirstadalv.
Det er merkelig lite i overleveringen som knytter Harald Hårfagre til Vestfold. Vi må likevel bli stående ved, som det rimeligste - siden det ikke finnes spor av noen annen opprinnelse i overleveringen - at Halvdan Svarte virkelig var et skudd på Ynglingeætten i Vestfold. Men han kan ha tilhørt en nordligere gren. Saga og sagn knytter ham først og fremst til Ringerike og Hadeland, og den sikreste tradisjonen om hans grav er den som sier at han ble hauglagt på Stein på Ringerike. Vi regner altså med at han rådde for et ikke ubetydelig rike på Vest-Opplandene, men at han også har fått Vestfold i sin makt - vel etter at Ragnvald Olavsson på en eller annen måte er forsvunnet ut av bildet.
Halvdan Svarte skal ha vært gift med Ragnhild, datter av en kong Harald Gullskjegg i Sogn. Han omkom på vårparten 860 under en tur på isen på Randsfjorden.
From Snorre Sturlasson: Halvdan Svarte [Halfdan the Black] Saga:
"1. HALFDAN FIGHTS WITH GANDALF AND SIGTRYG.
Halfdan was a year old when his father was killed, and his mother Asa set off immediately with him westwards to Agder, and set herself there in the kingdom which her father Harald had possessed. Halfdan grew up there, and soon became stout and strong; and, by reason of his black hair, was called Halfdan the Black. When he was eighteen years old he took his kingdom in Agder, and went immediately to Vestfold, where he divided that kingdom, as before related, with his brother Olaf. The same autumn he went with an army to Vingulmark against King Gandalf. They had many battles, and sometimes one, sometimes the other gained the victory; but at last they agreed that Halfdan should have half of Vingulmark, as his father Gudrod had had it before. ..."
"9. HALFDAN S DEATH.
Halfdan the Black was driving from a feast in Hadeland, and it so happened that his road lay over the lake called Rand. It was in spring, and there was a great thaw. They drove across the bight called Rykinsvik, where in winter there had been a pond broken in the ice for cattle to drink at, and where the dung had fallen upon the ice the thaw had eaten it into holes. Now as the king drove over it the ice broke, and King Halfdan and many with him perished. He was then forty years old. He had been one of the most fortunate kings in respect of good seasons. The people thought so much of him, that | |
G e n v ä g a r
